Abantu abaningi bayayazi imiphumela yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) esikhumbeni somuntu futhi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kukhanya okungabonakali kuzithinta kanjani izitshalo. Ukukhanya kwe-UV kuhlukaniswe nge-UV-A, UV-B, ne-UV-C, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile.

Ngakho, zisebenzisana kanjani nezitshalo?   kungakanani ukukhanya kwe-UV izitshalo ezihlangana nakho endaweni yazo yemvelo?   Uma utshala insangu, ingabe kufanele ubangezelele ukukhanya kwe-UV?   Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-UV kwenza izitshalo zakho zibe namandla, noma kulimaza?

Lesi sihloko sizohlola le mibuzo nawe. Kusukela emithonjeni yokukhanya kwe-UV kuya emiphumeleni yako ezitshalweni, nendlela yokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-UV ngokuphepha nangempumelelo, lezi zinkinga azigcini nje ngokuthi ingabe izitshalo zakho zikhula kahle yini kodwa futhi mayelana nekhwalithi yokugcina kanye nesivuno sokutshala kwakho.

 

 

Iyini imisebe ye-UV futhi yini eyakhayo?

Masiqale siqonde ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ngokombono wansuku zonke.

Okokuqala, i-UVA: Ukukhanya kwe-UV okunobude obungamaza angu-400–315 nm kunokungena okuqinile, kufinyelele ekujuleni kwesikhumba futhi kuthinte i-melanin ku-epidermis, kubangele isikhumba sibe mnyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iyanqwabelana futhi ibe esinye sezizathu zokuguga kwesikhumba kanye nokulimala okukhulu. Phakathi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, i-UVA yenza ama-95% futhi inemiphumela yokubulala inzalo nethuthukisa amasosha omzimba.

Okulandelayo, i-UVB: Isibani se-UV esinobude obungu-320–280 nm sinamandla aqinile futhi singalimaza isikhumba somuntu. Nokho, imuncwa kalula yi-ozone, okwenza i-UVB ibe u-5% kuphela wemisebe ye-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga.

Ekugcineni, i-UVC: I-UVC inamandla amakhulu kakhulu kodwa icishe imuncwe ngokuphelele ungqimba lwe-ozone. Empilweni yansuku zonke, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengezibani ezibulala amagciwane.

I-UV ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke isebenzela izinjongo ezinjengokuvalwa inzalo, ukuphulukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha. Ezitshalweni, i-UV isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvala inzalo endaweni ekhulayo.

 

Imithombo yokukhanya ye-UV ihlanganisa izibani ze-mercury, ama-LED, amalambu e-xenon, nezibani zensimbi ze-halide . Phakathi kwalokhu, amalambu e-mercury nama-LED yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu. Amalambu e-Mercury akhipha ukukhanya kusetshenziswa amagesi, kuyilapho ama-LED akhipha ukukhanya ngama-electron. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, i-LED UV kancane kancane ingena esikhundleni se-UV yendabuko ngoba ama-LED akhangiswa ukuze abe nesikhathi eside sokuphila.

 

Nokho, le nkathi yokuphila ekhangisiwe ikalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle. Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ukupakishwa kwe-chip nokuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-LED UV ngokuvamile kuhluleka kuqala, okwenza umkhiqizo ungasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela amanani kagesi wendawo, izindleko zokuwulungisa, kanye nezindleko zokuthutha lapho ukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele.

Ingabe izitshalo ngokwemvelo zithola ukukhanya kwe-UVB, futhi kubathinta kanjani?

Izitshalo zingakwazi ukumunca ukukhanya kwe-UVB. Njengengxenye yokukhanya kwelanga, i-UVB iwuhlobo lokukhanya izitshalo okufanele zihlangabezane nazo ngokwemvelo. Izitshalo zisabela ekukhanyeni, njengokuvula i-stomata yazo noma ukukhula ziye ekukhanyeni (uma kwenzeka izitshalo ezithanda ilanga). Ngokukhanya kwe-UV, izitshalo ziphendula kakhulu ngomshini owaziwa ngokuthi yi-UV Resistance Locus 8 (Jenkins, GI, 2014).

 

Njengoba i-UV eningi ingalimaza izitshalo, ukusabela kokuqala ezikubonisayo kuyimpendulo yokuzivikela. I-UV ikhuthaza izitshalo ukuthi zithuthukise ngokwemvelo izindlela zokuzivikela, njenge-trichomes, ukulwa nemithombo yokukhanya eyingozi. Le nqubo empeleni ithuthukisa amandla e-antioxidant esitshalo.

 

Ukusabela kwesibili kuyimpendulo yokwenziwa, eyenzeka ngemva kwempendulo yokuzivikela. Ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa kwe-UV, izitshalo zingakhiqiza kufikela kuzinhlobo eziyi-15 zezinto ezivikelayo. Lawa maprotheni abonakala ngokuhlukile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo futhi angathuthukisa umbala, iphunga, ama-metabolites athile, nokumelana nezifo.

Ingabe Izitshalo Zakho Ziyidinga Ngempela I-UV?

Ekulinyweni kwansuku zonke, ukukhanya kwe-UV kungasetshenziselwa ukuvala inzalo, kudala indawo ephephile yezitshalo. I-UV iphinde ithinte izinambuzane ezithile. Kodwa-ke, le misebenzi ibonakala inomthelela ngokuyinhloko endaweni ezungezile kunokuba izuze ngokuqondile izitshalo ngokwazo. Ngakho-ke, ingabe isitshalo sakho sidinga i-UV ngempela?

Ngaphambi kokuphendula lo mbuzo, izici ezimbalwa kufanele zicaciswe:

• Ingabe isitshalo okuhlosiwe sithanda ilanga noma sithanda umthunzi?

• Imuphi umkhiqizo owufunayo esitshalweni sakho?

• Ingabe imbuyiselo izokwanela ukuthethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali?

 

Umbuzo wokuqala ubalulekile futhi unganqunywa uhlobo lwesitshalo, noma indawo.

 

Uma lesi sitshalo sikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu noma ezindaweni ezichayeke elangeni, cishe sithanda ilanga. Izitshalo ezinjalo ngokuvamile zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi futhi zimunca ukukhanya kwe-UVB njengengxenye ye-photosynthesis. Lezi zitshalo zivame ukuba namaqabunga aminyene kanye nama-stomata amaningi okulawula amanzi.

 

Ngokuphambene, uma lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile sikhula emahlathini, emihosheni, noma ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, cishe sithanda umthunzi, njengolembu nama-ferns. Lezi zitshalo azikudingi ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi futhi zingase zibe nomonakalo omkhulu ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV.

Umbuzo wesibili usiza ukunquma ukuthi i-UV supplementation iyadingeka yini. Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UV kungakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezine ezibalulekile:

Ama-Phenolic Compounds	amagilebhisi, u-anyanisi, nama-apula
Ama-terpenoids	Ivamile ku-mint ne-cannabis, enikeza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kanye nenani lezokwelapha
Ama-alkaloids	Itholakala ekhofini, e-morphine, nakugwayi, aziwa ngezici zawo ezivuselelayo
Ama-Glucosinolates	Zaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zokwelapha

Umbuzo wesithathu ukhuluma ngokuthi izinhlanganisela ezengeziwe zinganikeza imbuyiselo eyanele ekutshalweni kwezimali.

Uma ungumlimi omncane usebenzisa itende lokukhula noma isethi yasendlini enezibani ezilinganiselwe, i-UV ingase icabangele. Nokho, kubalimi abakhulu, lokhu kuba yinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi. Kokubili izibani ze-LED ne-HPS UV zidinga ukuthenga okwengeziwe, ukushintshwa, nezindleko zokusebenza. Njengoba i-UV ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo esikhundleni sokukhiqiza, ukubala ukuthi izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwe-UV zifanelekile yini kubalulekile.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izibukeli ezikhanyayo, i-UV ibiza kakhulu, futhi ayikufanele ukutshalwa kwezimali uma ingathuthukisi imali engenayo. Ngenhlanhla, intengo yezinhlelo ze-UV ibilokhu yehla, inikezela ngezinketho eziningi kubathengi futhi ivumela izitshalo eziningi ukuthi zizuze ku-UV ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe.

 

Ukubala imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali (i-ROI) yezinhlelo ze-UV ngokusekelwe kunani lemakethe kanye nenzuzo yezomnotho yesilimo sakho osiqondisayo kubalulekile.

 

Ngethemba, lokhu kucatshangelwa kukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ungeze i-UV ekusetheni kwakho ukulima. Funa iseluleko ku-inthanethi noma ochwepheshe ukuze uthole ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngezitshalo zakho ezithile.

 

Ingabe I-Cannabis Idinga I-UV Ngempela?

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Iyini ingozi ye-UV?

Izinjongo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-UV yilezi:

Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanganisela ezithile, njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili.

Ukufaka inzalo endaweni ekhulayo, iyenze ihlanzeke.

Ngakho-ke, ububi bokusetshenziswa kwe-UV kuzophinde kusekelwe kulezi zimo ezimbili.

Umthelela kubantu

Uma usebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-UV, 'ingashisa' amehlo omuntu. Esikhathini esifushane, kungase kubangele ubuhlungu beso, ukudabuka, nokungaboni kahle. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki ku-lens ne-retina.

I-UV futhi 'ishisa' isikhumba somuntu, okuholela ezimpawini ezifana nokushiswa yilanga. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungase kubangele nomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Umthelela ezitshalweni

Amaqabunga empeleni 'ayisikhumba' sezitshalo, futhi ukukhanya kwe-UV ngokufanayo 'kungazishisa'. Ngokocwaningo olulula lwesayensi, umthombo wokukhanya wephoyinti le-UV wabekwa endaweni yokuhlola ngaphezu kwesitshalo esithanda ilanga. Ngenxa yezici zomthombo wokukhanya, amandla okukhanya asatshalaliswa kanje: isikhungo sasine-PPFD ephakeme kakhulu, sincipha ngaphandle; lapho isikhundla siphezulu, siphezulu i-PPFD. Yize ukuhlolwa kungase kungabi namandla ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswa amalungu afanayo e-PPFD njengendinganiso, kunikeza ukuqonda ngemiphumela yokuqina kwe-UV ezitshalweni.

Ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kokuchayeka isikhathi eside, amaqabunga endaweni ene-UV enamandla kakhulu (maphakathi) aphenduka abe nsundu ngokuphuzi, abune, futhi aze awe. Amaqabunga angaphandle abonisa 'amabala,' izimpawu zokulimala emaqabunga.

(PPFD - Ukuminyana kwePhotosynthetic Photon Flux: inani lamafoton akhanyayo atholwe indiza ngobude obuthile nesikhathi)

Isiphetho: Sebenzisa ngokuqapha! I-UV ifana ne-icing ekhekheni. Uma wenelisekile ngesimo samanje sezitshalo zakho, asikho isidingo sokwengeza i-UV. Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kungalimaza izitshalo, ngakho-ke i-UV ifaneleka kakhulu kubalimi abangochwepheshe abafuna ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

 

Uma uhlela ukwengeza ama-UV, yini okudingeka uyicabangele?

ngemva kokucatshangelwa okungenhla, usanquma ukwengeza ukukhanya kwe-UV, kunezinkinga ezithile ezisebenzayo okufanele uzilungise:

Ungasilungisa kanjani kahle isibani se-UV ukuze ugweme ukulimala kokubili izitshalo nakubantu?

Abalimi abangochwepheshe kufanele benze izinguquko ngokuvikeleka okufanele endaweni. Nakuba ukulungiswa okuningiliziwe kwe-PPFD kungenakuchazwa ngokugcwele kulesi sihloko, umgomo oyinhloko uthi: isikhungo sine-PPFD ephakeme kakhulu, siyancipha ngaphandle; lapho ukubekwa kuphezulu, i-PPFD iphezulu, ifana nethagethi. Udinga ukulungisa njalo ubude, i-engeli, nokuqina kwe-grow light ukuze uthole ukusetha okufanele kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokusetha i-PPFD, kufanele futhi usungule umjikelezo wokukhanyisa izitshalo zakho. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlaziywa okusekelwe ohlotsheni oluthile lwesitshalo ngisho nesigaba sokukhula kwaso. Njengabantu, izitshalo nazo zidinga ukuphumula, futhi 'isimiso somsebenzi' esivamile sithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo. Phakathi nale nqubo, ungakhetha ukukhulisa izibani ngokusebenza kwesibali sikhathi ukuze ugweme ukulungiswa okuvamile okwenziwa ngesandla. Abalimi basekhaya bangakhetha imikhiqizo enezici zesilawuli kude, okubavumela ukuthi baqaphe futhi baphathe izitshalo zabo ngisho nalapho bengekho ekhaya.

 

Ingabe ukubeka umthombo wokukhanya we-UV phakathi nendawo ukuze uqinisekise ukushayisana kokusabalalisa nezinye izibani zakho zokukhula?

Kubalimi basekhaya, indawo yezitshalo ngokuvamile ibaluleke kakhulu kunamathuluzi engeziwe. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukhethe izibani ezikhulayo zosayizi ofanele ukuze zihambisane nokusetha kwakho.

 

Ungakwazi yini ukukhokhela izindleko zokushintshwa kwezibani ze-UV?

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, izibani ze-UV ngokuvamile zinesikhathi sokuphila esifushane kunezinye izinhlobo zezibani ezikhulayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingama-LED noma amalambu e-UV endabuko. Nakuba ama-LED anesikhathi eside sokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, izinto zokupakisha zama-LED zingase ziwohloke ngokushesha, ziwenze abe sengozini yokulimala kwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ukushintshwa kusazodingeka. Ifrikhwensi yokushintsha incike endleleni ozisebenzisa ngayo izibani, imvamisa yazo yokusebenza, kanye nokuthi uzihlanza njalo yini.

 

Lezi yizindaba ezingokoqobo okufanele zixazululwe. Ngethemba, lesi sihloko sikusize unqume ukuthi ukungeza i-UV kukulungele yini - noma kukuholele ekutheni ushiye umbono ngokuphelele.

 

Lapho ukukhanya kukhula khona, nolwazi luyanda. Ngethemba ukuthi wonke umuntu ukhuthazwe ukwabelana kwethu!